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Modal verbs
Modalverben (engl. modal auxiliaries) sind Hilfsverben, die zum Ausdruck einer Modalität – d. h. im Wesentlichen: Begriffen von Notwendigkeit oder Möglichkeit – dienen.
Can I go to the toilet?
You may,
- if you can.
Perhaps he is coming with us.
He might come with us.
I must remember to say thank you!
I mustn't forget to say thank you.
Diese Hilfsverben bleiben immer in ihrer Form, können allerdings auch nicht in den verschiedenen Zeiten verwendet werden. Dafür gibt es Ersatzformen.
Ersatzformen
can - be able to
Anstelle von can kann man auch die Ersatzform be able to verwenden, wenn man die Fähigkeit (ability) betonen möchte.
Anwendungsfälle
- nach einem anderen Modalverb:
He won’t be able to run every day.
She won’t can run.
He should be able to finish the marathon.
- in anderen Zeiten
He was able to finish the marathon in a personal best.
- förmlicher
I am very sorry but I am not able to help you in the test.
can - be allowed to
Das Hilfsverb can kann aber auch eine Erlaubnis (permission) ausdrücken. Hierfür wird die Ersatzform be allowed to verwendet.
We were allowed to stay up late.
We won't be allowed to do it again.
We mustn't do it again.
must - mustn't - needn't
Das Hifsverb must drückt einen Zwang aus - seine Verneinung mustn't ein Verbot. Das deutsche „nicht müssen“ wird mit needn't übersetzt.
You must keep it a secret.
(it is necessary that you do it)
You mustn’t tell anybody.
(it is necessary that you don´t do it)
You needn’t visit me in the hospital.
(it is not necessary that you do it)
must - have to
Das Hilfsverb must bleibt unverändert. Um andere Zeiten auszudrücken, muss die Ersatzform have to verwendet werden.
He must keep it a secret.
He had to be quiet untill the bell rang.
In the next test you will have to work more!
Do we have to wait inside?
Interaktive Übungen
be able to
Move the words into the gaps.
Tom's alarm didn't ring but he get to the bus stop in time. His friend Tim was already waiting for him.
When they got on the bus they get a seat.
Tim told him that he had saved his money. "Next week I to buy the new album."
was able towere able towill be able
Put in the correct forms of be able to .
One morning I got up but I my arm. So I called the doctor's office.
Luckily I
The doctor anything.
"Next week you the test.
be allowed to
Put in the correct forms of to be allowed to.
Last week the pupils of class 8c go to Mc Donald's. Some ordered a big box of chicken. Others just wanted to use the bathroom but they .
"If you buy something, I' ll give you the code. I let non-customers in."
'm not allowed towere allowed toweren't allowed to
