Cultural Exchange
ORANGE برتقال |
![Orange Sliced White Background.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Orange_Sliced_White_Background.jpg/100px-Orange_Sliced_White_Background.jpg) |
fruit, originally from South and East Asia, known in Sanskrit as naranga, which became the Arabic naranj.
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ALCOHOL (الكُحُـــــــــول.) |
![Glencairn Glass-pjt.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Glencairn_Glass-pjt.jpg/50px-Glencairn_Glass-pjt.jpg) |
an extraction process from a mineral, European chemists began to refer to anything involving extraction/distillation as alcohol.
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ALCHEMY and CHEMISTRY (الكيميـــــــــاء.) |
![Chemistrylogo.svg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Chemistrylogo.svg/langde-100px-Chemistrylogo.svg.png) |
put together
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ALGEBRA (الجبــر) |
![Algebra2 sistnlin fig002 prbl.svg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Algebra2_sistnlin_fig002_prbl.svg/langde-100px-Algebra2_sistnlin_fig002_prbl.svg.png) |
a mathematical discipline
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ARTICHOKE |
![Adolphe Millot artichaut de laon.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Adolphe_Millot_artichaut_de_laon.jpg/100px-Adolphe_Millot_artichaut_de_laon.jpg) |
variety of a species of thistle cultivated as food.
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CANDY (from قندي) |
![Candy in Damascus.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Candy_in_Damascus.jpg/100px-Candy_in_Damascus.jpg) |
“hard sweets made by boiling cane sugar”
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COFFEE (قهوة) |
![Roasted coffee beans.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg/100px-Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg) |
for long snubbed by Europeans as the “wine of the infidels”—that is, many centuries before the age of Starbucks and instant coffee!
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COTTON (قُطْـــــــــن) |
![Upland cotton pulled out of a boll before harvest. (24490308693).jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Upland_cotton_pulled_out_of_a_boll_before_harvest._%2824490308693%29.jpg/100px-Upland_cotton_pulled_out_of_a_boll_before_harvest._%2824490308693%29.jpg) |
soft, fluffy staple fiber used for textiles
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MATTRESS (مطـــــــــــــــــــرح.) |
![Pillowtop-mattress.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pillowtop-mattress.jpg/100px-Pillowtop-mattress.jpg) |
large, usually rectangular pad where you can lie and sleep
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part 2
SOFA (الصُفــــــــة)< |
![Sofa Clip Art.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sofa_Clip_Art.jpg/100px-Sofa_Clip_Art.jpg) |
cushioned item of furniture for seating multiple people |
raised, carpeted platform on which people sat.
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SUGAR (سكر) |
![Sugar cubes.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sugar_cubes.jpg/100px-Sugar_cubes.jpg) |
Sanskrit (śarkarā), meaning "ground or candied sugar"
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CIPHER (صِفـــــــــــــــــــــــــــر) |
!["0" - geograph.org.uk - 2112765.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%220%22_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2112765.jpg/100px-%220%22_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2112765.jpg) |
Arabic word for zero صفر (sifr) |
not easily understood, so used for encrypted code
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ELIXIR (الإكسيــــــــــــــر) |
![Three early medicine bottles.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Three_early_medicine_bottles.jpg/100px-Three_early_medicine_bottles.jpg) |
like a syrup
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SODA (صـــــــــودا.) |
![Gin and Tonic with ingredients.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gin_and_Tonic_with_ingredients.jpg/100px-Gin_and_Tonic_with_ingredients.jpg) |
chemical compounds containing sodium
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ADMIRAL (أميــــــــر الرحلة) |
![Rear Admiral Suraj Berry.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rear_Admiral_Suraj_Berry.jpg/100px-Rear_Admiral_Suraj_Berry.jpg) |
commander of the fleet
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ARSENAL ( دار الصناعــــــــــــــــة ) |
![View of the entrance to the Arsenal by Canaletto, 1732.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/View_of_the_entrance_to_the_Arsenal_by_Canaletto%2C_1732.jpg/100px-View_of_the_entrance_to_the_Arsenal_by_Canaletto%2C_1732.jpg) |
manufacturing house where weapons for the navy are made
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MAGAZINE ( مجلة) |
![South African Naval Museum Simon's Town.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/South_African_Naval_Museum_Simon%27s_Town.jpg/100px-South_African_Naval_Museum_Simon%27s_Town.jpg) |
store house
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ASSASSIN (حشَّــــــــــــــاشين”) |
![Assassination.png](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Assassination.png/100px-Assassination.png) |
hitman, murderer
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Vocabulary
crusader = Kreuzzügler, Kreuzritter
crusade = Kreuzzug
crusade = religious war to free the Holy Land (= Jerusalem, Palestine)
Why - because pilgrims wanted to visit the place where Jesus had lived.
Weblinks