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Crusades: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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== Cultural Exchange ==
== Cultural Exchange ==
The crusaders encountered many things in the Orient that they did not yet know. Often they did not invent their own words for new things, but adopted the already existing Arabic word. Many terms show the influence of Arabic on the English language:


<div class="zuordnungs-quiz" lang="en">
<div class="zuordnungs-quiz" lang="en">
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| ORANGE<br>برتقال ||[[datei:Orange Sliced White Background.jpg|100px]]  || fruit, originally from South and East Asia, known in Sanskrit as naranga, which became the Arabic naranj.
| ORANGE<br>برتقال ||[[datei:Orange Sliced White Background.jpg|100px]]  || fruit, originally from South and East Asia, known in Sanskrit as naranga, which became the Arabic naranj.
|-
|-
| ALCOHOL<br>(الكُحُـــــــــول.) ||  [[Datei:Glencairn Glass-pjt.jpg|50px]] || an extraction process from a mineral, European chemists began to refer to anything involving extraction/distillation as alcohol.
| ALCOHOL<br>(الكُحُـــــــــول.) ||  [[Datei:Glencairn Glass-pjt.jpg|50px]] || an extraction process from a mineral, <br>European chemists began to refer to anything involving extraction/distillation as alcohol.
|-
|-
| ALCHEMY and CHEMISTRY<br> (الكيميـــــــــاء.) || [[datei:Chemistrylogo.svg|100px]] || ''put together''
| ALCHEMY and CHEMISTRY<br> (الكيميـــــــــاء.) || [[datei:Chemistrylogo.svg|100px]] || ''put together''
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| CANDY<br> (from قندي)|| [[File:Candy_in_Damascus.jpg|100px]] || “hard sweets made by boiling cane sugar”
| CANDY<br> (from قندي)|| [[File:Candy_in_Damascus.jpg|100px]] || “hard sweets made by boiling cane sugar”
|-
|-
|COFFEE</span> (قهوة) || [[datei:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|100px]] || for long snubbed by Europeans as the “wine of the infidels”—that is, many centuries before the age of Starbucks and instant coffee!
|COFFEE<br> (قهوة) || [[datei:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|100px]] || for long snubbed by Europeans as the “wine of the infidels”—that is, <br>many centuries before the age of Starbucks and instant coffee!
|-
|-
| COTTON<br> (قُطْـــــــــن)|| [[datei:Upland cotton pulled out of a boll before harvest. (24490308693).jpg|100px]] || soft, fluffy staple fiber<br>used for textiles
| COTTON<br> (قُطْـــــــــن)|| [[datei:Upland cotton pulled out of a boll before harvest. (24490308693).jpg|100px]] || soft, fluffy staple fiber<br>used for textiles
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| SUGAR <br>(سكر) ||  [[Datei:Sugar cubes.jpg|100px]] ||  Sanskrit (śarkarā), meaning "ground or candied sugar"
| SUGAR <br>(سكر) ||  [[Datei:Sugar cubes.jpg|100px]] ||  Sanskrit (śarkarā), meaning "ground or candied sugar"
|-
|-
| CIPHER</span></span> (صِفـــــــــــــــــــــــــــر)  || [[datei:"0" - geograph.org.uk - 2112765.jpg|100px]] || Arabic word for zero صفر (sifr)  || not easily understood, so used for encrypted code
| CIPHER<br> (صِفـــــــــــــــــــــــــــر)  || [[datei:"0" - geograph.org.uk - 2112765.jpg|100px]] || Arabic word for zero صفر (sifr)  || not easily understood, <br>so used for encrypted code
|-
|-
| ELIXIR<br> (الإكسيــــــــــــــر)  || [[datei:Three early medicine bottles.jpg|100px]] || like a syrup
| ELIXIR<br> (الإكسيــــــــــــــر)  || [[datei:Three early medicine bottles.jpg|100px]] || like a syrup
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|}
|}
</div>
</div>
=== Arabic, Latin or Greek? ===
Some words originated in Greek, were translated into Arabic ad found their way into the English language:
'''Sort the loan words after their original language:'''
<div class="zuordnungs-quiz" lang="en">
{|
| '''Arabic''' || guitar || alcohol || cipher|| algebra ||  safran || tariff || tambourine || artichocke  || safari
|-
| '''Greekh''' || philosophy || tragedy|| Maths || democracy ||monologue ||
|-
| '''Latin''' || cherry || wine || process ||jurist || peach ||chamber || street
|}
</div>
'''Sort the following Arabic loand words after topics:'''
<div class="zuordnungs-quiz" lang="en">
{|
| '''Spice / Fruit <br>Beverages''' || coffee || alcohol || lemonade ||  safran || muskat || orange || sugar || peach
|-
| '''Textiles''' || cotton || damast|| jacket || ''Kittel'' || ''Mütze''
|-
| '''Furniture''' || Mattress || sofa || mosaik || diwan || baldachin
|-
| '''Music''' || Lute<br<(German: Laute) || guitar|| tambourine || fanfare trumpet
|-
| '''Science''' || cipher || algebra || elixir || azure || algorithm || risk
|}
</div>
== Vocabulary ==
== Vocabulary ==
crusader = Kreuzzügler, Kreuzritter
crusader = Kreuzzügler, Kreuzritter

Version vom 8. Dezember 2022, 15:23 Uhr

Cultural Exchange

The crusaders encountered many things in the Orient that they did not yet know. Often they did not invent their own words for new things, but adopted the already existing Arabic word. Many terms show the influence of Arabic on the English language:

ORANGE
برتقال

CANDY
(from قندي)

MATTRESS
(مطـــــــــــــــــــرح.)

ARTICHOKE

ALCOHOL
(الكُحُـــــــــول.)

ALGEBRA
(الجبــر)

ALCHEMY and CHEMISTRY
(الكيميـــــــــاء.)

COFFEE
(قهوة)

COTTON
(قُطْـــــــــن)

Adolphe Millot artichaut de laon.jpgUpland cotton pulled out of a boll before harvest. (24490308693).jpgRoasted coffee beans.jpgOrange Sliced White Background.jpgPillowtop-mattress.jpgfruit, originally from South and East Asia, known in Sanskrit as naranga, which became the Arabic naranj.Algebra2 sistnlin fig002 prbl.svga mathematical disciplinean extraction process from a mineral,
European chemists began to refer to anything involving extraction/distillation as alcohol.put togetherGlencairn Glass-pjt.jpgChemistrylogo.svgfor long snubbed by Europeans as the “wine of the infidels”—that is,
many centuries before the age of Starbucks and instant coffee!variety of a species of thistle cultivated as food.“hard sweets made by boiling cane sugar”Candy in Damascus.jpglarge, usually rectangular pad where you can lie and sleepsoft, fluffy staple fiber
used for textiles

part 2

SUGAR
(سكر)

ASSASSIN
(حشَّــــــــــــــاشين”)

MAGAZINE
( مجلة)

CIPHER
(صِفـــــــــــــــــــــــــــر)

SOFA
(الصُفــــــــة)<

SODA
(صـــــــــودا.)

ELIXIR
(الإكسيــــــــــــــر)

ARSENAL
( دار الصناعــــــــــــــــة )

ADMIRAL
(أميــــــــر الرحلة)

View of the entrance to the Arsenal by Canaletto, 1732.jpghitman, murdererSofa Clip Art.jpgArabic word for zero صفر (sifr)like a syrupstore housecommander of the fleetcushioned item of furniture for seating multiple people"0" - geograph.org.uk - 2112765.jpgSouth African Naval Museum Simon's Town.jpgSanskrit (śarkarā), meaning "ground or candied sugar"Rear Admiral Suraj Berry.jpgnot easily understood,
so used for encrypted codeSugar cubes.jpgGin and Tonic with ingredients.jpgThree early medicine bottles.jpgchemical compounds containing sodiummanufacturing house
where weapons for the navy are maderaised, carpeted platform on which people sat.Assassination.png

Arabic, Latin or Greek?

Some words originated in Greek, were translated into Arabic ad found their way into the English language:

Sort the loan words after their original language:

Arabic

Greekh

Latin

cipherchamberpeachstreetsafranartichockesafariwinecherryalcoholtragedytambourineguitarprocessphilosophyalgebratariffjuristMathsdemocracymonologue

Sort the following Arabic loand words after topics:

Music

Furniture

Textiles

Spice / Fruit
Beverages

Science

orangesugarjacketdamastmuskatalgebrasafranriskalgorithmLute<br<(German: Laute)mosaikdiwancottoncipherMützeazureguitarelixirlemonadecoffeebaldachintambourinesofafanfare trumpetMattressKittelalcoholpeach

Vocabulary

crusader = Kreuzzügler, Kreuzritter

crusade = Kreuzzug

crusade = religious war to free the Holy Land (= Jerusalem, Palestine)

Why - because pilgrims wanted to visit the place where Jesus had lived.

Weblinks

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