Crusades: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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== Cultural Exchange ==
== Cultural Exchange ==
The crusaders encountered many things in the Orient that they did not yet know. Often they did not invent their own words for new things, but adopted the already existing Arabic word. Many terms show the influence of Arabic on the English language:


<div class="zuordnungs-quiz" lang="en">
<div class="zuordnungs-quiz" lang="en">
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| ORANGE<br>برتقال ||[[datei:Orange Sliced White Background.jpg|100px]]  || fruit, originally from South and East Asia, known in Sanskrit as naranga, which became the Arabic naranj.
| ORANGE<br>برتقال ||[[datei:Orange Sliced White Background.jpg|100px]]  || fruit, originally from South and East Asia, known in Sanskrit as naranga, which became the Arabic naranj.
|-
|-
| ALCOHOL<br>(الكُحُـــــــــول.) ||  [[Datei:Glencairn Glass-pjt.jpg|50px]] || an extraction process from a mineral, European chemists began to refer to anything involving extraction/distillation as alcohol.
| ALCOHOL<br>(الكُحُـــــــــول.) ||  [[Datei:Glencairn Glass-pjt.jpg|50px]] || an extraction process from a mineral, <br>European chemists began to refer to anything involving extraction/distillation as alcohol.
|-
|-
| ALCHEMY and CHEMISTRY<br> (الكيميـــــــــاء.) || [[datei:Chemistrylogo.svg|100px]] || ''put together''
| ALCHEMY and CHEMISTRY<br> (الكيميـــــــــاء.) || [[datei:Chemistrylogo.svg|100px]] || ''put together''
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| CANDY<br> (from قندي)|| [[File:Candy_in_Damascus.jpg|100px]] || “hard sweets made by boiling cane sugar”
| CANDY<br> (from قندي)|| [[File:Candy_in_Damascus.jpg|100px]] || “hard sweets made by boiling cane sugar”
|-
|-
|COFFEE</span> (قهوة) || [[datei:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|100px]] || for long snubbed by Europeans as the “wine of the infidels”—that is, many centuries before the age of Starbucks and instant coffee!
|COFFEE<br> (قهوة) || [[datei:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|100px]] || for long snubbed by Europeans as the “wine of the infidels”—that is, <br>many centuries before the age of Starbucks and instant coffee!
|-
|-
| COTTON<br> (قُطْـــــــــن)|| [[datei:Upland cotton pulled out of a boll before harvest. (24490308693).jpg|100px]] || soft, fluffy staple fiber<br>used for textiles
| COTTON<br> (قُطْـــــــــن)|| [[datei:Upland cotton pulled out of a boll before harvest. (24490308693).jpg|100px]] || soft, fluffy staple fiber<br>used for textiles
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| SUGAR <br>(سكر) ||  [[Datei:Sugar cubes.jpg|100px]] ||  Sanskrit (śarkarā), meaning "ground or candied sugar"
| SUGAR <br>(سكر) ||  [[Datei:Sugar cubes.jpg|100px]] ||  Sanskrit (śarkarā), meaning "ground or candied sugar"
|-
|-
| CIPHER</span></span> (صِفـــــــــــــــــــــــــــر)  || [[datei:"0" - geograph.org.uk - 2112765.jpg|100px]] || Arabic word for zero صفر (sifr)  || not easily understood, so used for encrypted code
| CIPHER<br> (صِفـــــــــــــــــــــــــــر)  || [[datei:"0" - geograph.org.uk - 2112765.jpg|100px]] || Arabic word for zero صفر (sifr)  || not easily understood, <br>so used for encrypted code
|-
|-
| ELIXIR<br> (الإكسيــــــــــــــر)  || [[datei:Three early medicine bottles.jpg|100px]] || like a syrup
| ELIXIR<br> (الإكسيــــــــــــــر)  || [[datei:Three early medicine bottles.jpg|100px]] || like a syrup
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|}
|}
</div>
</div>
=== Arabic, Latin or Greek? ===
Some words originated in Greek, were translated into Arabic ad found their way into the English language:
'''Sort the loan words after their original language:'''
<div class="zuordnungs-quiz" lang="en">
{|
| '''Arabic''' || guitar || alcohol || cipher|| algebra ||  safran || tariff || tambourine || artichocke  || safari
|-
| '''Greekh''' || philosophy || tragedy|| Maths || democracy ||monologue ||
|-
| '''Latin''' || cherry || wine || process ||jurist || peach ||chamber || street
|}
</div>
'''Sort the following Arabic loand words after topics:'''
<div class="zuordnungs-quiz" lang="en">
{|
| '''Spice / Fruit <br>Beverages''' || coffee || alcohol || lemonade ||  safran || muskat || orange || sugar || peach
|-
| '''Textiles''' || cotton || damast|| jacket || ''Kittel'' || ''Mütze''
|-
| '''Furniture''' || Mattress || sofa || mosaik || diwan || baldachin
|-
| '''Music''' || Lute<br<(German: Laute) || guitar|| tambourine || fanfare trumpet
|-
| '''Science''' || cipher || algebra || elixir || azure || algorithm || risk
|}
</div>
== Vocabulary ==
== Vocabulary ==
crusader = Kreuzzügler, Kreuzritter
crusader = Kreuzzügler, Kreuzritter

Version vom 8. Dezember 2022, 15:23 Uhr

Cultural Exchange

The crusaders encountered many things in the Orient that they did not yet know. Often they did not invent their own words for new things, but adopted the already existing Arabic word. Many terms show the influence of Arabic on the English language:

ORANGE
برتقال		 Orange Sliced White Background.jpg fruit, originally from South and East Asia, known in Sanskrit as naranga, which became the Arabic naranj.
ALCOHOL
(الكُحُـــــــــول.)		 Glencairn Glass-pjt.jpg an extraction process from a mineral,
European chemists began to refer to anything involving extraction/distillation as alcohol.
ALCHEMY and CHEMISTRY
(الكيميـــــــــاء.)		 Chemistrylogo.svg put together
ALGEBRA
(الجبــر) 		 Algebra2 sistnlin fig002 prbl.svg a mathematical discipline
ARTICHOKE Adolphe Millot artichaut de laon.jpg variety of a species of thistle cultivated as food.
CANDY
(from قندي)		 Candy in Damascus.jpg “hard sweets made by boiling cane sugar”
COFFEE
(قهوة)		 Roasted coffee beans.jpg for long snubbed by Europeans as the “wine of the infidels”—that is,
many centuries before the age of Starbucks and instant coffee!
COTTON
(قُطْـــــــــن)		 Upland cotton pulled out of a boll before harvest. (24490308693).jpg soft, fluffy staple fiber
used for textiles
MATTRESS
(مطـــــــــــــــــــرح.)		 Pillowtop-mattress.jpg large, usually rectangular pad where you can lie and sleep

part 2

SOFA
(الصُفــــــــة)<		 Sofa Clip Art.jpg cushioned item of furniture for seating multiple people raised, carpeted platform on which people sat.
SUGAR
(سكر)		 Sugar cubes.jpg Sanskrit (śarkarā), meaning "ground or candied sugar"
CIPHER
(صِفـــــــــــــــــــــــــــر)		 "0" - geograph.org.uk - 2112765.jpg Arabic word for zero صفر (sifr) not easily understood,
so used for encrypted code
ELIXIR
(الإكسيــــــــــــــر)  		 Three early medicine bottles.jpg like a syrup
SODA
(صـــــــــودا.)		 Gin and Tonic with ingredients.jpg chemical compounds containing sodium
ADMIRAL
(أميــــــــر الرحلة)		 Rear Admiral Suraj Berry.jpg commander of the fleet
ARSENAL
( دار الصناعــــــــــــــــة )		 View of the entrance to the Arsenal by Canaletto, 1732.jpg manufacturing house
where weapons for the navy are made
MAGAZINE
( مجلة)		 South African Naval Museum Simon's Town.jpg store house
ASSASSIN
(حشَّــــــــــــــاشين”)		 Assassination.png hitman, murderer

Arabic, Latin or Greek?

Some words originated in Greek, were translated into Arabic ad found their way into the English language:

Sort the loan words after their original language:

Arabic guitar alcohol cipher algebra safran tariff tambourine artichocke safari
Greekh philosophy tragedy Maths democracy monologue
Latin cherry wine process jurist peach chamber street

Sort the following Arabic loand words after topics:

Spice / Fruit
Beverages		 coffee alcohol lemonade safran muskat orange sugar peach
Textiles cotton damast jacket Kittel Mütze
Furniture Mattress sofa mosaik diwan baldachin
Music Lute<br<(German: Laute) guitar tambourine fanfare trumpet
Science cipher algebra elixir azure algorithm risk

Vocabulary

crusader = Kreuzzügler, Kreuzritter

crusade = Kreuzzug

crusade = religious war to free the Holy Land (= Jerusalem, Palestine)

Why - because pilgrims wanted to visit the place where Jesus had lived.

Weblinks

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