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Crusades: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
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== Cultural Exchange == | == Cultural Exchange == | ||
The crusaders encountered many things in the Orient that they did not yet know. Often they did not invent their own words for new things, but adopted the already existing Arabic word. Many terms show the influence of Arabic on the English language: | The crusaders encountered many things in the Orient that they did not yet know. Often they did not invent their own words for new things, but adopted the already existing Arabic word. Many terms show the influence of Arabic on the English language: | ||
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you can write every number you want.|}} | you can write every number you want.|}} | ||
{{Aufgabe|# Where do the "Arabic" numbers really come from? | {{Aufgabe-en|# Where do the "Arabic" numbers really come from? | ||
# How do you pronounce '''0''' in English? Do you know which original language it's from? | # How do you pronounce '''0''' in English? Do you know which original language it's from? | ||
# Compare the addition tasks below with each other and then fill in the missing words in the following text.}} | # Compare the addition tasks below with each other and then fill in the missing words in the following text.}} | ||
Aktuelle Version vom 21. Januar 2023, 05:24 Uhr
Even if the "dark"' Middle Ages in Christian Europe was not as backward as often claimed, the high culture of Islamic countries was amazing.
- writings, knowledge from ancient times
- trade with Africa, India, China
- promotion of science and art
- tolerance towards "book believers"
provided for a rich culture, which was often adopted by the crusaders.
Cultural Exchange
The crusaders encountered many things in the Orient that they did not yet know. Often they did not invent their own words for new things, but adopted the already existing Arabic word. Many terms show the influence of Arabic on the English language:
CANDY
(from قندي)
ALCOHOL
(الكُحُـــــــــول.)
ALGEBRA
(الجبــر)
COFFEE
(قهوة)
ORANGE
برتقال
ALCHEMY & CHEMISTRY
(الكيميـــــــــاء.)
a mathematical disciplinefor long snubbed by Europeans as the “wine of the infidels”—that is,
many centuries before the age of Starbucks and instant coffee!
put together
“hard sweets made by boiling cane sugar”
fruit, originally from South and East Asia,
known in Sanskrit as naranga, which became the Arabic naranj.an extraction process from a mineral,
European chemists began to refer to anything involving extraction/distillation as alcohol.
part 2
SUGAR
(سكر)
SOFA
(الصُفــــــــة)
ARTICHOKE
ELIXIR
(الإكسيــــــــــــــر)
SODA
(صـــــــــودا.)
CIPHER
(صِفـــــــــــــــــــــــــــر)
cushioned item of furniture
for seating multiple people
Arabic word for zero صفر (sifr)
chemical compounds containing sodiumraised, carpeted platform
on which people sat.
not easily understood,
so used for encrypted codeSanskrit (śarkarā),
meaning "ground or candied sugar"variety of a species of thistle cultivated as food.like a syrup
part 3
ADMIRAL
(أميــــــــر الرحلة)
MATTRESS
(مطـــــــــــــــــــرح.)
MAGAZINE
( مجلة)
ARSENAL
( دار الصناعــــــــــــــــة )
ASSASSIN
(حشَّــــــــــــــاشين”)
COTTON
(قُطْـــــــــن)
store house
manufacturing house
where weapons for the navy are madecommander of the fleet.jpg)
large, usually rectangular pad where you can lie and sleep
soft, fluffy staple fiber
used for textileshitman, murderer
Arabic, Latin or Greek?
Some words originated in Greek, were translated into Arabic and found their way into the English language:
Sort the loan words after their original language:
Latin
Arabic
Greek
peachmonologuecherryalcoholsafarichamberjuristguitartambourineprocessdemocracyMathscipheralgebrastreetsafranartichokephilosophywinetarifftragedy
Sort the following Arabic loan words after topics:
Science
Music
Spice / Fruit
Beverages
Textiles
Furniture
lute
(German: Laute)peachcottoncipherbaldachinjacketdamastalgorithmlemonadesofamattressazuresafranelixiralcoholalgebraorangefanfare trumpetdiwanrisksugarmuskatmosaikGerman: KittelGerman: Mützeguitartambourinecoffee
counting and calculating
The merchant and mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci from Pisa triggered a mathematical revolution with his book "Liber abaci". He noticed:
The nine numbers of the Indians are: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I.
With them and with the sign 0, which is called "sifr" in Arabic,you can write every number you want.
- Where do the "Arabic" numbers really come from?
- How do you pronounce 0 in English? Do you know which original language it's from?
- Compare the addition tasks below with each other and then fill in the missing words in the following text.
Roman Numerals
MM
+ XVIII
_____________________
MMXVIII
=================
Arabic Numerals
2000
+ 18
_____________________
2018
=================
The numerical values are in both tasks. There are two advantages to written arithmetic with numerals:
With the numerals, there is no numeral sign for the numerical value .
In the spoken form, Roman numerals, like Arabic numerals, are structured according to the . In the written form, however, the Roman numerals lack the division into "ones", "tens", "hundreds", "twos" and "threes". hundreds
ten systemthe same, etc.ArabiczeroRoman
fun stuff
I can't believe this:
Vocabulary
crusader = Kreuzzügler, Kreuzritter
crusade = Kreuzzug
crusade = religious war to free the Holy Land (= Jerusalem, Palestine)
Why - because pilgrims wanted to visit the place where Jesus had lived.
