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Crusades: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
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Even if the '''"dark"'''' Middle Ages in Christian Europe was not as backward as often claimed, the high culture of Islamic countries was amazing. | Even if the '''"dark"'''' Middle Ages in Christian Europe was not as backward as often claimed, the high culture of Islamic countries was amazing. | ||
* writings, knowledge from ancient times | * writings, knowledge from ancient times | ||
* | * trade with Africa, India, China | ||
* | * promotion of science and art | ||
* | * tolerance towards "book believers" | ||
provided for a rich culture, which was often adopted by the crusaders. | provided for a rich culture, which was often adopted by the crusaders. | ||
| Zeile 134: | Zeile 134: | ||
In the spoken form, Roman numerals, like Arabic numerals, are structured according to the ''ten system''. In the written form, however, the Roman numerals lack the division into "ones", "tens", "hundreds", "twos" and "threes". hundreds'', etc. | In the spoken form, Roman numerals, like Arabic numerals, are structured according to the ''ten system''. In the written form, however, the Roman numerals lack the division into "ones", "tens", "hundreds", "twos" and "threes". hundreds'', etc. | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
'''fun stuff''' | |||
I can't believe this: | |||
[[Datei:Arabic numerals-poll.jpg|thumb|Umfrage, ob man Arabische Zahlen in Schulen lehren sollte.|link=https://twitter.com/suhaibkhan/status/1127697610741911553]] | |||
== Vocabulary == | == Vocabulary == | ||
Version vom 21. Januar 2023, 04:41 Uhr
Even if the "dark"' Middle Ages in Christian Europe was not as backward as often claimed, the high culture of Islamic countries was amazing.
- writings, knowledge from ancient times
- trade with Africa, India, China
- promotion of science and art
- tolerance towards "book believers"
provided for a rich culture, which was often adopted by the crusaders.
Cultural Exchange
The crusaders encountered many things in the Orient that they did not yet know. Often they did not invent their own words for new things, but adopted the already existing Arabic word. Many terms show the influence of Arabic on the English language:
ALCHEMY & CHEMISTRY
(الكيميـــــــــاء.)
ALCOHOL
(الكُحُـــــــــول.)
ALGEBRA
(الجبــر)
CANDY
(from قندي)
COFFEE
(قهوة)
ORANGE
برتقال
“hard sweets made by boiling cane sugar”
fruit, originally from South and East Asia,
known in Sanskrit as naranga, which became the Arabic naranj.
for long snubbed by Europeans as the “wine of the infidels”—that is,
many centuries before the age of Starbucks and instant coffee!put together
a mathematical disciplinean extraction process from a mineral,
European chemists began to refer to anything involving extraction/distillation as alcohol.
part 2
SOFA
(الصُفــــــــة)
SODA
(صـــــــــودا.)
CIPHER
(صِفـــــــــــــــــــــــــــر)
ELIXIR
(الإكسيــــــــــــــر)
ARTICHOKE
SUGAR
(سكر)
chemical compounds containing sodiumSanskrit (śarkarā),
meaning "ground or candied sugar"
raised, carpeted platform
on which people sat.variety of a species of thistle cultivated as food.
cushioned item of furniture
for seating multiple peoplelike a syrup
not easily understood,
so used for encrypted code
Arabic word for zero صفر (sifr)
part 3
ARSENAL
( دار الصناعــــــــــــــــة )
ADMIRAL
(أميــــــــر الرحلة)
MAGAZINE
( مجلة)
COTTON
(قُطْـــــــــن)
ASSASSIN
(حشَّــــــــــــــاشين”)
MATTRESS
(مطـــــــــــــــــــرح.)
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manufacturing house
where weapons for the navy are madesoft, fluffy staple fiber
used for textiles
store househitman, murderer
large, usually rectangular pad where you can lie and sleep
commander of the fleet
Arabic, Latin or Greek?
Some words originated in Greek, were translated into Arabic and found their way into the English language:
Sort the loan words after their original language:
Arabic
Greek
Latin
safarimonologuepeachalcoholalgebraprocesschamberphilosophyguitarcherryartichoketambourinewinetragedycipherjuristdemocracystreetsafranMathstariff
Sort the following Arabic loan words after topics:
Science
Furniture
Spice / Fruit
Beverages
Music
Textiles
alcoholorangesofasafranriskmuskatalgebraelixirGerman: KitteldiwanGerman: Mützebaldachindamastcottontambourinecoffeepeachjacketazuremosaiklemonadeguitarfanfare trumpetalgorithmsugarcipherlute
(German: Laute)mattress
counting and calculating
The merchant and mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci from Pisa triggered a mathematical revolution with his book "Liber abaci". He noticed:
The nine numbers of the Indians are: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I.
With them and with the sign 0, which is called "sifr" in Arabic,you can write every number you want.
- Where do the "Arabic" numbers really come from?
- How do you pronounce 0 in English? Do you know which original language it's from?
- Compare the addition tasks below with each other and then fill in the missing words in the following text.
Roman Numerals
MM
+ XVIII
_____________________
MMXVIII
=================
Arabic Numerals
2000
+ 18
_____________________
2018
=================
The numerical values are in both tasks. There are two advantages to written arithmetic with numerals:
With the numerals, there is no numeral sign for the numerical value .
In the spoken form, Roman numerals, like Arabic numerals, are structured according to the . In the written form, however, the Roman numerals lack the division into "ones", "tens", "hundreds", "twos" and "threes". hundreds
RomanArabiczero, etc.the sameten system
fun stuff
I can't believe this:
Vocabulary
crusader = Kreuzzügler, Kreuzritter
crusade = Kreuzzug
crusade = religious war to free the Holy Land (= Jerusalem, Palestine)
Why - because pilgrims wanted to visit the place where Jesus had lived.
