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Participle Constructions
Mit Partizipialkonstruktionen (engl: participle constructions) kann man Relativsätze und andere temporale oder kausale Nebensätze ersetzen und dadurch den Text kürzer und prägnanter machen.
present participle (active meaning)
Past
Tourists who visited New York last year could see many attractions.
Tourists visiting New York last year could see many attractions.
Present
Tourists who visit Ney York today can see a lot of activity.
Tourists visiting New York today can see a lot of activity.
Future
Tourists who will visit New York next year will enjoy it.
Tourists visiting New York next year will enjoy it.
Sätze mit present participle (-ing) ersetzen immer Nebensätze im Aktiv.
Present participle bedeutet nicht unbedingt, dass der Nebensatz, der ersetzt wurde, im Präsens stand oder eine progressive form hatte.
past participle (passive meaning)
Past passive
The service which was provided to the passengers was great.
The service provided to the passengers was great.
Present passive
The service which is provided to the passengers is great.
The service provided to the passengers is great.
Future passive
The service which will be provided soon will be even better.
The service provided soon will be even better.
Sätze mit past participle stehen für Nebensätze im Passiv.
Ein past participle bedeutet genauso wenig, dass der ursprüngliche Satz in der Vergangenheit stand.
Interaktive Übungen
1. Join the sentences.
1. Yesterday I was in a bar .
2. A girl was sitting next to me.
3. She had been in London for two years .
4. She walked round the town .
5. Sarah went home .
6. I got home late .
reading a booksaying she would be back the next dayshowing people the sightshaving a drinkfeeling very tiredworking as a tourist guide
2. Make one sentence from two using an ~ing clause.
1. Tom was playing tennis. Tom hurt his arm.
Tom hurt his arm .
2. I was watching television. I fell asleep.
I fell asleep .
3. The boy tripped. He was going down the stairs.
The boy .
4. I was walking home in the rain. I got wet.
I in the rain.
5. She was driving to work yesterday. She had an accident.
She yesterday.
The Star Trek Tricorder (~ed-clauses)
Put in the participle forms.
In the science-fictional Star Trek universe, a tricorder is a multifunction hand-held device for scanning, data analysis, and recording data.
with new features the new smart phone was a great success.
There is a protective layer to the display.
An antenna inside the device can send signals through space.
By the body, doctors can diagnose diseases.
usedscanninghiddenEquippedattached
Proverbs
Complete these English proverbs with either present or past participles.
1. A dog never bites.
2. A penny is a penny .
3. Let dogs lie.
4. Once , twice shy.
5. First come, first .
6. A trouble is a trouble .
7. If you want a thing well, do it yourself.
8. Well is half !
These verbs should be used as participles. Put the right word in the right sentence, and decide whether it's active (-ing) or passive -ed).
crawl dress feel shock stand
1. on his shoulders, I was able to see over the wall.
2. Still by what had happened, I couldn't speak to anyone.
3. Victoria screamed when she saw the spider over her arm.
4. in his clown costume, Tony was easy to spot in the crowd.
5. completely exhausted, Nicole fell asleep within seconds.
Participle construction statt temporalem Nebensatz
Gleichzeitigkeit
present participle (active)
When she left her house, she felt great.
(When) leaving her house, she felt great.
past participle (passive)
When he was invited, he felt great.
(When) invited, he felt great.
Zur Verdeutlichung kann die participle construction mit when oder while eingeleitet werden.
Vorzeitigkeit
present participle (active)
After he had cleaned his car, he left.
After cleaning his car, he left.
Having cleaned his car, he left.
past participle (passive)
After he had been insulted, he felt hurt.
After being insulted, he felt hurt.
Having been insulted, he felt hurt.
Verwendet man das present participle des Verbs ("cleaning" , "being ....ed") ist die Verwendung von "after" zwingend, um die Vorzeitigkeit des ersetzen Nebensatzes deutlich zu machen.
Sonst würden die Aussagen des Nebensatzes und des Hauptsatzes als gleichzeitig interpretiert.
Verwendet man ein participle perfect ("having ......ed" , "having been ......ed" - form von "have" als Hilfsverb) fällt 'after' weg.
Having ...
Make sentences beginning "Having...."
1. She finished her work. Then she went home.
her work, she went home.
2. We bought our tickets. Then we went into the cinema.
our tickets we went into the cinema.
3. We went on working after we'd had dinner.
dinner we went on working.
4. After we had done all our tasks, we went to a bar.
all our tasks,we went to a bar.
~ing or Not ~ing
Make sentences beginning ~ing or Not ~ing. Sometimes you need to begin with Having (done something).
1. I felt tired. So I went to bed early.
I went to bed early.
2. I thought they might be hungry. So I offered them something to eat.
they might be hungry I offered them something to eat.
3. She is a foreigner. So she needs a visa to stay in this country.
a foreigner she needs a visa to stay in this country.
4. I didn't know his address. So I wasn't able to contact him.
his address I wasn't able to contact him.
5. Sarah has travelled a lot. So she knows a lot about other countries.
a lot she knows a lot about other countries.
6. The man wasn't able to understand English. So he didn't know what I wanted.
able to understand English he didn't know what I wanted.
7. We had spent nearly all our money. So we couldn't afford to stay in a hotel.
nearly all our money. So we couldn't afford to stay in a hotel.
2. Fill in Participle constructions
0. As he looked at the sign, the driver didn't brake.
Looking at the sign, the driver didn't brake.
1. As he didn't have any money, John couldn't afford a taxi.
any money, John couldn't afford a taxi.
2. As she wasn't asked for her opinion, Sarah felt offended.
, Sarah felt offended.
3. As he was late, he ran to the bus stop.
, he ran to the bus stop.
4. When he was questioned by the police, the man had a heart attack.
by the police, the man had a heart attack.
5. As she was a British citizen, Mrs Sanchez had a right to stay in Britain.
, Mrs Sanchez had a right to stay in Britain.
6. Mr Müller parked his car on a double yellow line, because he didn't know that it was illegal.
, Mr Müller parked his car on a double yellow line.
7. When it heard the key in the door lock, the dog barked happily.
the key in the lock, the dog barked happily.
8. When it was improved, the computer became a success.
, the computer became a success.
9. When he was asked for help, he helped generously.
for help, he helped generously.
Weblinks
- schule-bw: Partizipialkonstruktionen - participle constructions Original von Klaus-Dieter Grüninger, Eislingen
